WELCOME TO

S3 LAB

Sustainable, Smart, and Efficient Systems Laboratory

@ Algoma University

Introduction

My research group investigates efficiency, scalability, and sustainability in modern computing and cyber-physical systems. By developing rigorous methodologies to quantify and reduce energy consumption and carbon footprint, our work aims to enable sustainable system operation and support the transition toward net-zero emissions by 2050.

Principal Investigator

Syed Muhammad Danish

Syed Muhammad Danish is an Assistant Professor at Algoma University. Previously, he was a postdoctoral researcher and lecturer at York University under the supervision of Prof. Sotirios Liaskos. He received his Ph.D. from ETS Montreal in August 2022, advised by Prof. Kaiwen Zhang and co-advised by Prof. Hans-Arno Jacobsen. Prior to joining ETS Montreal, he served as a research assistant at Frederick University, Cyprus, under the Erasmus+ project. His research focuses on sustainable and intelligent systems, spanning green energy, blockchain technologies, and energy-efficient AI.

Current Students

MSc Thesis
Oussema Kirmani – Energy-aware LLM Optimization
MSc Thesis
Sabiya Banu Masthan Ali – Benchmarking the Energy Consumption of LLMs
Undergrad
Muneeb Haroon – Distributed LLM Deployment and Optimization - Funded by Mitacs GRI
Undergrad
Salsabeel Fatima Zahra – Benchmarking Code Generation Performance of Large Language Models - Funded by Mitacs GRI

Former Students

πŸ‘€
Caleb Nathan Elvis Mohan – NSERC USRA Undergraduate Researcher
πŸ‘€
Molka Chkir – Mitacs GRI
πŸ‘€
Shadikur Rahman – Research Assistant
πŸ‘€
Umme Aiman Koana – Research Assistant
πŸ‘€
Humza Ashraf – Research Assistant
πŸ‘€
Muhammad Kaleem Ullah Khan – Research Assistant

Research Publications

For a complete list of my research output, please visit my Google Scholar profile. A selection of recent publications is listed below.

Prompt Engineering for Sustainable Code Generation: A Multi-Language Evaluation of Small Language Models β€” Submitted
Syed Muhammad Danish, Yazan Otoum, Aris Leivadeas, Aroosa Hameed
Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Inference: A Systematic Literature Review β€” Submitted
Sabiya Banu Masthan Ali, Syed Muhammad Danish, Rupinder Kaur, Marin Litoiu, Arghavan Asad
Understanding the Energy Scaling of Large Language Model Inference Across Context Lengths and Attention Architectures β€” Submitted
Molka Chkir, Syed Muhammad Danish, Jos Holl, Arghavan Asad
Pseudo2CodeQA: A Benchmark for LLM-Based Structured Algorithmic Reasoning in Code Generation β€” Submitted
Shadikur Rahman, Umme Aiman Koana, Syed Muhammad Danish
Cold Ironing Meets Decentralized Energy Markets: Opportunities and Challenges β€” Submitted
Syed Muhammad Danish, Muhammad Ahmed Qureshi, Nicholas Christofides, Achilleas Achilleos, Kyriacos Pavlou, Marios Lestas
Characterizing Decode-Stage Energy in Large Language Models Across Attention Architectures β€” Submitted
Oussema Kirmani, Syed Muhammad Danish, Mahreen Nasir
Sustainable Code Generation Using Large Language Models: A Systematic Literature Review β€” Submitted
Sabiya Banu Masthan Ali, Syed Muhammad Danish, Aroosa Hameed, Oussema Kirmani, Gautam Srivastava
Digital Payments on Infrastructure-less Networks: A Systematic Literature Review β€” Submitted
Syed Muhammad Danish, Amirreza Radjou, Sotirios Liaskos
Smart Community Energy Management in Geographically Isolated Power Systems using the DYNAMO P2P Platform β€” Submitted
Muhammad Ahmed Qureshi, Shabab Saleem, Syed Muhammad Danish, Waqar Asif, Nicholas Christofides, Achilleas Achilleos, Kyriacos Pavlou, Marios Lestas
RefactorCoderQA: Benchmarking LLMs for Multi-Domain Coding Question Solutions in Cloud and Edge Deployment β€” IEEE Transactions on Service Computing
Shadikur Rahman, Aroosa Hameed, Gautam Srivastava, Syed Muhammad Danish
FedHAT: Resource-Aware Hybrid Federated Adversarial Training for Generalized Robustness β€” IEEE ICMLA 2026 - Acceptance rate: 14.2%
Muhammad Kaleem Ullah Khan, Mohammadreza Sabramooz, Kaiwen Zhang, Chamseddine Talhi, Syed Muhammad Danish
ARIES-6G: Aerial Resource Allocation and Trajectory Integration in RIS-UAV-Enabled ISAC for URLLC in Industrial 6G Networks β€” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics
Muhammad Haris Masud, Ali Ranjha, Syed Muhammad Danish, Muhammad Asif, Gautam Srivastava
Assessing the Sustainability of LLM Inference through Energy–Accuracy Analysis β€” ACM e-Energy 2026
Sabiya Banu Masthan Ali, Syed Muhammad Danish, Zeeshan Sattar, Arghavan Asad
Efficient Federated LLM Framework for Intelligent IoMT Management β€” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2026
Yazan Otoum, Syed Muhammad Danish, Ishtiaq Ahmad, Arghavan Asad
Aligning Pre-Trained LLMs for Enhanced UAV Power Consumption Forecasting β€” IEEE Globecom 2025
Aroosa Hameed, Syed Muhammad Danish, Aris Leivadeas
Energy-Aware Code Generation with LLMs: Benchmarking Small vs. Large Language Models for Sustainable AI Programming β€” IEEE FLLM 2025
Humza Ashraf, Syed Muhammad Danish, Aris Leivadeas, Yazan Otoum, Zeeshan Sattar
Toward Green Code: Prompting Small Language Models for Energy-Efficient Code Generation β€” IEEE FLLM 2025
Humza Ashraf, Syed Muhammad Danish, Shadikur Rahman, Zeeshan Sattar
Automated Research Article Classification and Recommendation Using NLP and ML β€” IEEE FLLM 2025
Shadikur Rahman, Hasibul Karim Shanto, Umme Ayman Koana, Syed Muhammad Danish
Scaling Smart: A Rigorous Framework for Selecting Optimal Layer 2 Blockchain Solutions β€” IEEE Brains 2025
Shahin Zakizadeh, Syed Muhammad Danish, Kaiwen Zhang
Privacy-Preserving Energy Trading: A TEE-Based Blockchain Solution Using Secret Network β€” ACM BSCI 2025
Haseeb Saeed, Syed Muhammad Danish, Kaiwen Zhang
Zero SolarWing: A net-Zero Solar Wind-Powered UAV-Enabled RIS System for URLLC Services in 6G Compute First Networks β€” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2025
Ali Ranjha, Gautam Srivastava, Muhammad Asif, Kapal Dev, Syed Muhammad Danish
Block-FeST: Blockchain-Enhanced Federated Sparse Transformers for Privacy-Preserving RES Forecasting in Internet of Vehicles Systems β€” IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025
Aroosa Hameed, Syed Muhammad Danish, Ali Ranjha, Gautam Srivastava
Blockchain-as-a-Service: Architecture, Opportunities and Challenges β€” IEEE Internet of Things Magazine 2024
Syed Muhammad Danish, Gautam Srivastava, R. Nourmohammadi, Ali Ranjha, N. Ashraf, Aroosa Hameed
Generating Secure Workflow Designs from Requirements Goal Models Using Patterns β€” ER Conceptual Modelling Conference 2024 (Core A)
Sotirios Liaskos, I. Jaouhar, Syed Muhammad Danish, S. M. Khan
A Blockchain-Based Privacy-Preserving Charging Station Reservation and Payment Scheme for Electric Vehicles β€” ACM Distributed Ledger Technologies Journal
Syed Muhammad Danish, Muhammad Muneem Shabir, Kaiwen Zhang
Block-FeDL: Electric vehicle charging load forecasting using federated learning and blockchain β€” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2024
Syed Muhammad Danish, Aroosa Hameed, Ali Ranjha, Gautam Srivastava
Blockchain for energy credits and certificates: a comprehensive review β€” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing 2024 (Work with Hydro-Quebec)
Syed Muhammad Danish, Kaiwen Zhang, F. Amara, J. C. O. Cepeda, L. F. R. Vasquez, T. Marynowski
BlockAIM: a neural network-based intelligent middleware for large-scale IoT data placement decisions β€” IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2022
Syed Muhammad Danish, Kaiwen Zhang, Hans-Arno Jacobsen
BlockEV: Efficient and secure charging station selection for electric vehicles β€” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2021
Syed Muhammad Danish, Kaiwen Zhang, Hans-Arno Jacobsen, N. Ashraf, H. K. Qureshi
BlockAM: An adaptive middleware for intelligent data storage selection for Internet of Things β€” IEEE DAPPS 2020 (Best Paper Award)
Syed Muhammad Danish, Kaiwen Zhang, Hans-Arno Jacobsen
Network intrusion detection system for jamming attack in lorawan join procedure β€” IEEE ICC 2018
Syed Muhammad Danish, A. Nasir, H. K. Qureshi, A. B. Ashfaq, S. Mumtaz, J. Rodriguez

View all papers on Google Scholar β†’

Teaching

Graduate

β€’ COSC5806: Data Analysis with Python

β€’ COSC5856: Intro to Cybersecurity

β€’ COSC5437: Neural Networks & Deep Learning

Undergraduate

β€’ COSC1047: Computer Science II

β€’ COSC3796: IT Security & Privacy

β€’ COSC2956: Internet Tools

Prospective Students

If you are interested, please send an email with your CV and Transcript to syed.danish at algomau dot ca

Visit my YouTube Channel for Web3 & Blockchain tutorials.